EXIP – A Decentralized Domain Service

EXIP – A Decentralized Domain Service

What Is a Web browser?

A browser is a software that is used to access the internet. A browser lets you visit websites and do activities within them like login, view multimedia, link from one site to another, visit one page from another, print, send and receive emails, among many other activities.

When you type a web page address such as www.independence.org into your browser, that web page in its entirety is not stored on a server ready and waiting to be delivered. Each web page that you request is individually created in response to your request.

You are calling up a list of requests to get content from various resource directories or servers on which the content for that page is stored.

It is rather like a recipe for a soup – you have a shopping list of ingredients (requests for content) that cooks a soup when combined in the correct order (the web page). The page may be made up of content from different sources.

Images may come from one server, text content from another, scripts such as date scripts from another and ads from another. As soon as you move to another page, the page that you have just viewed disappears. This is the dynamic nature of websites.

 

How are the domains currently purchased?

Several different companies (known as “registrars”) can register domain names. A list of these companies appears on the internet in the Registrar Directory. You will be told by the registrar you choose to include different contact information and technical information making up the registration. The registrar will then hold the contact information records and upload the technical information to a central directory known as the “registry,” which provides other computers on the Web with the data needed to send you an email or locate your website. You will also be required to enter into a registration agreement with the registrar setting out the terms and conditions under which your registration will be approved and retained.

There are now several different top-level domains (TLDs) where you can sign domain names.

 

How are the Top-Level domains currently purchased?

The public was not able to buy TLD’s same as they buy domains. None of the domain registrars are selling TLDs, which is not possible based on IANA and ICANN regulations. The only viable solution is the Open NIC platform, which provides custom TLDs priced at more than $100,000. Also, these domains are not entirely owned by the buyers its also comes base on renting agreements. The major disadvantage is these TLDs or domains cannot access through conventional browsers. They can only search through specific browsers made for these TLDs or through Tor browser, which is not suitable for the general public and business purposes.

 

How is the Domain Hierarchy maintained?

Recursive servers are usually open and run by Internet service providers or other organisations such as Google, Cloudflare, or OpenDNS.

Recursive DNS resolvers, such as the Public DNS [google] from Google, currently hit various root servers[root] run by different organisations. The root zone protects such kernel servers. The root zone is the set of top-level domains (TLDs). The information required to overcome such TLDs is stored in a root zone file branch ICANN distributed and maintained by IANA. ICANN is currently acting as a gatekeeper to which domains are permitted to enter a root zone archive.

According to ICANN, a country’s Internet domain name does not belong to that country— nor anyone.

Plaintiffs who successfully sued Iran, Syria, and North Korea as terrorist backers want to seize the ccTLDs (country code top-level domains) of the three countries as part of their financial judgments. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, which oversees the Internet, says they can’t do that because ccTLDs aren’t even property.

After the complainants sent papers to ICANN demanding the transfer of the domains, the body said it sympathised with their underlying allegations, but after it filed a motion to quash the attempted seizure.

A ccTLD is the two-letter code at the end of a country-specific Internet address, like .us for the United States or .cn for China. There are over 280 of them, all requiring directors, organisational contacts and professional contacts residing in the countries they represent. In this case, the domains are .ir for Iran and .sy for Syria, plus the equivalents for each Arabic script, and .kp for North Korea.

 

What are the advantages and disadvantages of this structure?

Advantages

DNS is the world’s only program that can help you browse the internet. With the internet becoming an integral part of society, maintaining DNS servers has become increasingly important. The internet would not exist without them.

No need to memorise IP addresses-DNS servers provide a clever solution to convert domain or subdomain names to IP addresses. Imagine how the IP addresses of Twitter, Facebook, Google, or any other page you usually visit daily will feel memorised. It would be wrong. The software also makes it easy to categorise and index data for search engines.

Security enhancement-DNS servers are a vital component for your home or work connections security. Usually, DNS servers configured for security purposes ensure that attempts to penetrate your database system are thwarted before entering your computers. It is important to note, however, that the word used is being improved. It means you will need to put other security measures to protect your information, especially if it’s a large organisation with loads of sensitive data.

DNS servers provide fast internet connections-People and organisations using DNS servers will benefit from high connection speeds, which are a crucial feature of some of these servers.

There are also primary and secondary links to DNS servers. This allows you to have internet uptime even if the maintenance of one of the servers is down.

Disadvantages

One of the critical drawbacks of the DNS is that only ICANN, a non-profit organisation with origins bound to one country, can manage the database. It contradicts the idea of net neutrality, and over the past three decades, its points have been widely propagated.

Usually, DNS queries do not contain any information about the clients that initiated them. This is one of the reasons that hackers have been popular with DNS. This is because the server-side only sees the IP address from which the request came and which hackers can sometimes exploit.

DNS servers are based on the slave-master relationship concept. This ensures that if the master server is broken or corrupted in any way, the web page or database hosting on the server will be difficult to access. Hackers have also taken advantage of this. We have been able to find ways of phishing data by attacking the database machine and allowing redirects to other sites.

 

What is the internet?

The Internet is a global network of interconnected intelligent hardware and software systems that enables digitized time and space storage, retrieval, dissemination, and information and communication processing. From a sociological perspective, the Internet, as depicted in some popular accounts, is not associated with a global information system. The constituent Web systems are protected by a sociological account of the Internet and are viewed as social phenomena. It also includes information and other material that people, organisations, and smart devices use the Internet to create, distribute, and receive. Finally, a sociological account involves the socially and historically organised structures and processes in which information and communication development, transmission, and reception are embedded.

 

Administration

The ultimate responsibility for controlling upper-level Internet Protocol addresses or domain names lies with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which assigns the direct administration of most functions to other bodies.

At the global, regional level, the primary entities that provide allocation and registration services that support the international operations of the Internet are:

● RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre)

● ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers)

● APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre)

● LACNIC (Latin American and Caribbean IP address Regional Registry)

● AfriNIC (African Regional Registry for Internet Number Resources)

 

Internet Operations

Through the Internet Engineering Planning Group (IEPG), Internet operations are organised globally, an Internet operating group that aims to help Internet service providers communicate within the Global Internet. Organisations engaged in managing activities at the global, regional level include:

● American Registry for Internet Numbers

● Manages North America, a portion of the Caribbean and sub-equatorial Africa’s Internet numbering resources.

● Asia Pacific Networking Group (APOPs)

● Promotes the Internet and network interconnectivity cooperation in the field of Asia Pacific.

 

TLD Pricing Structure

Starting price of TLD is 1$

Every 250 TLD 1 USD will increase until 25000 TLDs

After 25000 TLDs maximum price of 1 TLD will be 100 USD

Users should pay only a lifetime of one payment for the TLD.

 

If the TLD owner allowed to create Domains under the TLD, and whenever someone makes a Domain

21% of the purchase price will be staked for EXIP token owners,

10% will go to TLD owner,

40% will go to the EXIP ecosystem

19% for node runners

When a user auctioned a Domain

 

70% to the domain owner

20% to the TLD owner

5% stake to the EXIP token holders

5% to the EXIP ecosystem

 

When a user auctioned a TLD

80% to the TLD owner

10% stake to the EXIP token holders

10% to the EXIP ecosystem

 

The nodes that run by the community will act as a decentralised ledger with the set of domain names to be resolved.

When users hosting domains

21% will stake to token holders

30% will stake to the nodes

39% will be for the EXIP ecosystem

10% will stake for TLD owner

 

What EXIP aims to provide as security features are of the following:

● DNS Spoofing

● DNS Hijacking

● DNS Flood

● Domain Hijacking

● Censorship resistance etc.

 

Tokenomics

Total tokens: 50,000,000

Token Ticker: EXIP

Initial Token offering : 1,500,000 @ 0.5$

IDO and IEO Sales Offering

Initial Dex Offering : 1,500,000 @ 0.5$

Initial exchange offering 1 : 25,000,000 @0.65$

Initial exchange offering 2 : 12,500,000 @0.75$

Initial exchange offering 3 : 7,500,000 @0.85$

All unsold tokens will be burned at the end of IEO.

TEAM

Shashi - Founder & CEO

Sahan - Project Liaison

Shermilan - Chief Blockchain Officer

Nisal - Head of Financial

Aven - Head of R & D

Jaje - Blockchain Officer

Tharaka - CISO

Gayan - Head of HR & Administration

 

For more About the EXIP project

Website: https://www.exip.live/

Whitepaper: https://bit.ly/3bf8D56

Telegram: https://t.me/exipofficial

Twitter: https://twitter.com/ExipOfficial

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/exipproject

Medium: https://medium.com/@exip

Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/exiptoken

 

AUTHOR

Bitcointalk Username: Mirasi Tyas

Bitcointalk Profile Link: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?action=profile;u=2850994

Telegram Username: @MirasiTyas

BEP20(BSC) Wallet Address: 0x691F02A8bB6f2d303D6AB12e6E4b33A38188Ca42